Tooth Extractions

A tooth extraction might be necessary for several reasons, including severe damage or decay. One of the most common dental procedures, a tooth extraction can eliminate bacteria and improve your overall oral health.

Overview

What is a tooth extraction?

A tooth extraction is a dental procedure where a tooth is completely removed from its socket. Sometimes, people refer to this as “pulling” a tooth.

When is tooth extraction recommended?

Healthcare providers prefer to save natural teeth whenever possible. However, there are instances when other restorative methods — such as dental fillings or crowns — aren’t enough. Your dentist may recommend tooth extraction if you have:

• Severe tooth decay (cavities)
• A fractured tooth
• An impacted tooth
• Crowded teeth
• Severe gum disease
• Tooth luxation or other dental injuries

• Nitrous oxide (“laughing gas”): Inhaled through a mask or nosepiece for light sedation.
• Oral conscious sedation: Taken by mouth, usually in pill form, about an hour before your appointment. Requires someone to drive you to and from the appointment.
• Intravenous (IV) sedation: Delivered directly to your bloodstream using an IV line, recommended for significant dental anxiety or lengthy procedures. Requires a driver.

In some instances, your dental provider may recommend general anesthesia in a hospital setting for complex cases, such as facial reconstruction or corrective jaw surgery.

Who performs tooth extractions?

Dentists and some dental specialists — such as oral surgeons and periodontists — can perform tooth extractions. While general dentists handle many extractions, more complex cases are usually referred to specialists.

Procedure Details

What happens before a tooth extraction?

Your dentist will assess your affected tooth and surrounding gums. They will also take dental X-rays to check bone levels and determine the extent of damage. Be sure to inform your dentist about any medications, vitamins, or supplements you’re taking. Once all information is gathered, treatment and sedation options will be discussed with you in detail.

Sedation options in dentistry

Many healthcare providers offer sedation during tooth extractions and other dental procedures, an excellent option for people with dental anxiety. Sedation medications used in dentistry include:

What happens during a tooth extraction?

First, local anesthesia is given to numb your affected tooth and surrounding gum tissue. Using specialized dental instruments, your dentist will gently loosen your tooth and carefully lift it from its socket. Sometimes, incisions in your gums might be necessary, especially if your tooth is badly decayed or broken off at the gum line. Once removed, the socket is cleaned and disinfected. In some cases, your dentist may place a dental bone graft to prevent bone loss in your jaw. Finally, stitches may be placed to help promote healing.

What happens after a tooth extraction?

After the procedure, your dentist will place a piece of gauze over the extraction site and ask you to bite down with firm, steady pressure. This helps slow bleeding so a blood clot can form, promoting healing and reducing the risk of dry sockets. You may continue to have light bleeding throughout the first 24 hours.

Risks / Benefits

What are the benefits of pulling a tooth?

Tooth extraction offers several benefits, including reducing harmful bacteria that can damage your teeth and gums. Removing a decayed or damaged tooth can prevent further oral health issues and alleviate dental pain almost immediately.

What are the risks or complications of tooth extraction?

Like any surgical procedure, tooth extraction carries a small risk of complications, including:

• Post-surgical infection
• Dry socket
• Nerve injury
• Perforation of the maxillary sinus
• Delayed healing

What are the side effects of removing a tooth?

Normal side effects following tooth extraction include bleeding, swelling, and discomfort. Your dentist will provide instructions on managing your healing successfully.

Recovery and Outlook

How long does it take to recover from a tooth extraction?

Recovery time depends on the complexity of your case. Most people feel back to normal in just a few days. While routine activities can usually be resumed within 48 to 72 hours, it often takes several weeks for the jawbone to heal completely. If you plan on replacing the tooth with a dental implant, you’ll likely need to wait a few months for full recovery.

Tooth extraction aftercare

After your extraction, your dentist will give you a detailed list of post-surgical instructions. Here are some general guidelines for a speedy recovery:

• Keep the extraction site clean. Gently rinse the area with an antimicrobial mouthwash two to three times a day. Avoid brushing directly over the extraction site until your dentist tells you it’s safe to do so. Brush and floss all other areas normally.
• Take all medications as directed. Your dentist may prescribe antibiotics and pain relievers. It’s important to take these medications exactly as directed. Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen and ibuprofen can also be used.
• Avoid strenuous activity for at least two days. An elevated heart rate can cause increased post-operative bleeding and discomfort. Skip the gym for the first 48 to 72 hours. Ask your dentist when it’s safe to resume normal routines.

What can I eat after a tooth extraction?

Avoid hard and crunchy foods for the first few days. Stock your fridge and pantry with soft foods like rice, pasta, eggs, yogurt, and applesauce. Avoid drinking through straws, as this can dislodge blood clots and cause dry sockets.

When can I go back to work or school?

Most people can return to work or school within a day or two. If your job requires a lot of lifting or physical activity, you may need to take a few more days off.

When To Call the Doctor

When should I see my healthcare provider?

Anytime you develop a toothache or dental pain, it’s important to schedule a visit with your dentist. They can help determine the cause and design a personalized treatment plan.

If you’ve already had a tooth extraction, call your dentist if you develop a fever of 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius) or higher, drainage (pus) around the extraction site, or severe pain that doesn’t improve with medication.

A Final Note

It’s never fun hearing that you need to have a tooth pulled. However, sometimes a tooth extraction is the best way to eliminate infection and get you back on track to a healthy smile and life. If your dentist recommends an extraction, be sure to discuss replacement options with them, too. Dental restorations like implants, bridges, or partial dentures can restore appearance, function, and overall oral health.